A Closer Look At WTO’s Third Pillar: How WTO Committees Influence Regional Trade Agreements by Devin McDaniels , Ana Cristina Molina & Erik N. Wijkström.

This paper illustrates how the work of World Trade Organization’s (WTO) standing bodies—its ‘Third Pillar’, as we will call it—is inspiring parties in regional trade agreements (RTA) negotiations and contributing to deeper integration. We focus on the work of the WTO technical barriers to trade (TBT) Committee and explore, as a case study, the extent to which the Committee’s decision on principles for development of international standards (the Six Principles) has shaped provisions in RTAs. This Decision, arguably the most important decision taken by the TBT Committee, is meant to clarify which international standards may be a relevant basis for TBT measures; an issue that has been left undefined under the WTO TBT Agreement. Our analysis covers 260 RTAs, and shows that one quarter of RTAs has sharpened and hardened the Committee’s decision by making it directly applicable to Parties (in RTAs) whereas under the WTO they are ‘merely’ recommendations. A small number of RTAs follow a different approach and explicitly name the sources of relevant international standards.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgy038

Disclaimer

Please note that external content will only work for subscribers who have access either using a log-in and password or associated with their IP Address.

No other access is implied or intended.

If you find anything you consider should not be available, even in this limited form, please leave a comment below.

Library acquisitions — September 2018

We are pleased to share our list of selected new acquisitions from September 2018. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

 

 

 

Did you take advantage of any of the electronic resource trials this year? If you explored Oxford International Organizations, World Scientific Journals, HeinOnline’s World Constitutions Illustrated, Safari Online Learning Platform, Oxford Economics, Gale’s Environmental Studies and Policy Collection, or Brill’s Climate Change and Law Collection during the trial periods, we would appreciate your feedback! Please share your thoughts on this resource by emailing us at web.librarian@wto.org.

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	Agreement on the European Economic Area : a commentary / edited by Finn Arnesen … [et al]. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927285 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2QgzroR
	Conflicting philosophies and international trade law : worldviews and the WTO / Michael Burkard. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927273 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2xSlOEK
	Environmental policy, non-product related process and production methods and the law of the World Trade Organization / Amber Rose Maggio. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927356 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2xXx5Uo
	Incorporar el comercio para lograr los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible / Organización Mundial del Comercio. Library has electronic version only. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927386 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: http://bit.ly/2R6Lsyq
	L’intégration du commerce en vue de la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable / Organisation mondiale du commerce. Available in print and electronic formats. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927384 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: http://bit.ly/2xSnePA
	International economics : theory and policy / Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc J. Melitz. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927326 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2R7M0UP
	International negotiation : process and strategies / Ho-Won Jeong. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927369 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2R9ytvE
	Les mécanismes de flexibilité dans le droit de l’OMC / Catherine Rosso. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927373 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2xZX0uq
	Mega-regional trade agreements / [edited by] Thilo Rensmann. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927361 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2Qab0cs
	Nontariff measures and international trade / [edited by] John Christopher Beghin. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927354 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2R1nO6t
	L’OMC et le contentieux fiscal des subventions à l’exportation / Karim Berthet. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927348 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2R1oqsN
	Regional economic integration and dispute settlement in East Asia : the evolving legal framework / Anna G. Tevini. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927281 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2N89Koh
	Trade in water under international law : bulk fresh water, irrigation subsidies and virtual water / Fitzgerald Temmerman. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927291 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2OoA82g

 

Library acquisitions — August 2018

We are pleased to share our list of selected new acquisitions from August 2018. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

Did you take advantage of any of the electronic resource trials this year? If you explored Oxford International Organizations, World Scientific Journals, HeinOnline’s World Constitutions Illustrated, Safari Online Learning Platform, Oxford Economics, Gale’s Environmental Studies and Policy Collection, or Brill’s Climate Change and Law Collection during the trial periods, we would appreciate your feedback! Please share your thoughts on this resource by emailing us at web.librarian@wto.org.

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	Competition policy for the new era : insights from the BRICS countries / edited by Tembinkosi Bonakele, Eleanor M Fox and Liberty Mncube. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927239 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview available: http://bit.ly/2LUbMI8
	Globalización y generación de riqueza : un mundo más próspero, más eficiente y más justo merced al comercio internacional y a la inversión extranjera directa / José-Ramón Ferrandis Muñoz ; presentación de Vicente Boceta ; prólogo de Fernando Eguidazu. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927150 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable
	Governing science and technology under the international economic order : regulatory divergence and convergence in the age of megaregionals / edited by Shin-Yi Peng, Han-Wei Liu, Ching-Fu Lin. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927251 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2Q2Ps2g
	Intellectual property and human development : current trends and future scenarios / edited by Tzen Wong, Graham Dutfield. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927336 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2PAoM7Z
	International organizations : politics, law, practice / Ian Hurd. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927344 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2CeJ8BX
	The law and economics of a sustainable energy trade agreement / edited by Gary C. Hufbauer, Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, and Richard Samans. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927247 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2LRiIpy
	The law of the international civil service : institutional law and practice in international organisations / Gerhard Ullrich. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927245 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2oJGDyd
	Ownership unbundling and related measures in the EU energy sector : foundations, the impact of WTO law and investment protection / Tilman Michael Dralle. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927259 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2PCa7tg
	Les pays ACP dans le commerce mondial / Aristide Foé. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927352 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2PXqkKt
	Putting consumers first : essays in honour of Pradeep Mehta / edited by Sanjaya Baru, with Abhishek Kumar. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927318 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable
	La reforma de la gobernanza pesquera internacional y europea / [edited by] Jorge Pueyo Losa, Julio Jorge Urbina. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927255 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable
	The use of alternative benchmarks in anti-subsidy law : a study on the WTO, the EU and China / Sophia Müller. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927263 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://bit.ly/2LTY1JJ
	A WTO agreement on trade facilitation : can it really facilitate trade? / Mena Hassan. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1927322 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable

 

Exclusionary Rules of Origin of mega-RTAs under WTO law : mega-RTA ‘fracturung’ its overlapping RTA by Jong Bum Kim.

A mega-RTA such as the planned Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) or the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) may overlap another RTA, with the result that some of the parties to the mega-RTA’s overlapping RTA may become common parties, while others may remain as single-agreement parties. If the mega-RTA provides rules of origin based on the change in tariff classification (CTC)-with-exception criterion such as yarn-forward rules, the rules of origin will become more restrictive with respect to the imports of the excluded intermediate goods from the single-agreement parties after the formation of the mega-RTA than before, thus failing to meet the requirement under GATT Article XXIV:5. The exclusionary rules of origin of the mega-RTA draw the trade away from the single-agreement parties, causing ‘fracture’ in the mega-RTA’s overlapping RTA. As a legal remedy to the problem, the mega-RTA should eliminate the restriction from the CTC-with-exception criterion by adopting the rules of origin based on the non-exclusionary criteria such as the value-added or the CTC criterion that does not presumptively exclude the use of certain non-originating intermediate inputs.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745617000040

Disclaimer

Please note that external content will only work for subscribers who have access either using a log-in and password or associated with their IP Address.

No other access is implied or intended.

If you find anything you consider should not be available, even in this limited form, please leave a comment below.

Library acquisitions — June 2017

We are pleased to send you our list of selected new acquisitions from June 2017. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	Comércio internacional : transportes e pagamentos, operações aduaneiras / José M. Albuquerque Martins. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926893 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable
	Compliance and enforcement of environmental law / edited by LeRoy C Paddock, David L Markell, Nicholas S Bryner. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926790 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/cbRpoa
	Economic methods for lawyers / Emanuel V. Towfigh, Niels Petersen ; with contributions by Markus Englerth … [et al.]. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926809 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/uYSo4A
	Informe anual 2017 de la OMC / Organización Mundial del Comercio. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|88673725 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/QXgvFu
	International law as a profession / edited by Jean d’Aspremont … [et al.]. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926766 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/Keuavr
	North-south regional trade agreements as legal regimes : a critical assessment of the EU-SADC economic partnership agreement / Clair Gammage. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926776 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/dM9zqz
	Rapport annuel 2017 de l’OMC / Organisation mondiale du commerce. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|88673608 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/YuLR6M
	Regional inter-dependence and Vietnam-Korea economic relationship / Tran Toan Thang … [et al]. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926830 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable
	Research handbook on climate change and agricultural law / edited by Mary Jane Angelo, Anél Du Plessis. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926786 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/Ge2pyp
	Rethinking international commercial arbitration : towards default arbitration / Gilles Cuniberti. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926782 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/ayvvbG
	Technology innovation law and practice : cases and materials / Theodore M. Hagelin. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926834 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/Zd5ZA9
	The WHO red book on access to medicines and intellectual property : 20 years later / Germán Velásquez, Pascale Boulet. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926832 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable
	WTO annual report 2017 / World Trade Organization. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|88666430 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/78KWMK

 

Library acquisitions — May 2017

We are pleased to send you our list of selected new acquisitions from May 2017. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

Through 23 June 2017, take advantage of trial access to explore Africa Intelligence! This leading resource on Africa, published in English and French, brings together five publications (West Africa Newsletter, Indian Ocean Newsletter, Maghreb Confidential, Africa Energy Intelligence, and Africa Mining Intelligence) in one place, with a single searchable interface. For more information and to explore this resource during this limited trial period, visit Africa Intelligence here: https://www.africaintelligence.com Access is via username (unseiac@un.org) and password (trial17). In case of questions or to share your experience regarding this resource, please contact web.librarian@wto.org.

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	The emergence of globalism : visions of world order in Britain and the United States, 1939-1950 / Or Rosenboim. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926708 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/GCIR3M
	EU environmental law / Geert Van Calster, Leonie Reins. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926788 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/qTpKUN
	The future of Korea’s trade and business portfolio in North Africa : a deep horizon political economy scan of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia / Mark Abdollahian … [et al]. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926824 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/cmdo0j
	Handbook of globalisation and development / edited by Kenneth A. Reinert. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926772 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/SoLNGt
	Integración económica / Fernando Porta, Patricia Gutti, Ramiro Bertoni. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926792 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview unavailable
	The internationalization of government procurement regulation / edited by Aris Georgopoulos, Bernard Hoekman, Petros C. Mavroidis. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926762 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/P6AqLs
	Negotiating south-south regional trade agreements : economic opportunities and policy directions for Africa / [edited by] Gbadebo Odularu, Bamidele Adekunle. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926768 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/vc3AtB
	Public procurement and multilateral development banks : law, practice and problems / Sope Williams-Elegbe. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926760 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/ktIibx
	Research handbook on intellectual property in media and entertainment / edited by Megan Richardson, Sam Ricketson. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926778 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/3mFkln
	Research handbook on the politics of international law / edited by Wayne Sandholtz, Christopher A. Whytock. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926784 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/zmT61V
	(Re)structuring copyright : a comprehensive path to international copyright reform / Daniel J. Gervais. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926319 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/5J7XJ8
	The rise to market leadership : new leading firms from emerging countries / edited by Franco Malerba, Sunil Mani, Pamela Adams. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926770 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/8WsM7y
	Small and medium-sized enterprises in international economic law / edited by Thilo Rensmann. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926734 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/jDvYjW

 

Book News from WTO Publications, October 2016

The latest issue of Book News from WTO Publications, highlighting recently launched titles and products, is now available.

Featured in this instalment are four new titles, two launched at the WTO Public Forum in September 2016:

• World Trade Report 2016: Levelling the trading field for SMEs (also available in French and Spanish)
• African Perspectives on Trade and the WTO: Domestic Reforms, Structural Transformation and Global Economic Integration (PDF may be available for WTO staff and Members)
• Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System (PDF may be available for WTO staff and Members)
• Trade Policy Reviews 2016 (list of Members reviewed in 2016 is available here)

To learn more about WTO Publications and availability of titles, visit the WTO Publications website or the WTO Bookshop website.

Library acquisitions — September 2016

We are pleased to share our list of selected new acquisitions from September 2016. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	African perspectives on trade and the WTO : domestic reforms, structural transformation and global economic integration / edited by Patrick Low, Chiedu Osakwe, Maika Oshikawa. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926509 Audio of launch during WTO Public Forum 2016 available: https://www.wto.org/english/forums_e/public_forum16_e/public_forum16_e.htm Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/8MDNpJ
	Compulsory licensing : practical experiences and ways forward / [edited by] Reto M. Hilty, Kung-Chung Liu. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926155 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/W5zv7y
	Economic analysis of international law / edited by Eugene Kontorovich and Francesco Parisi. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925846 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/k36zwg
	The economic welfare and trade relations implications of the 2014 Farm Bill / edited by Vincent H. Smith. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926255 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/kChK6o
	Establishing judicial authority in international economic law / edited by Joanna Jemielniak, Laura Nielsen, and Henrik Palmer Olsen. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926492 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/wl7lGG
	GDP : a brief but affectionate history / Diane Coyle. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926424 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/3Pp0B6
	International economic law : the Max Planck encyclopedia of public international law / edited under the direction of Frauke Lachenmann, Rüdiger Wolfrum. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926287 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/rm854f
	Patent enforcement worldwide : writings in honour of Dieter Stauder / edited by Christopher Heath. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926259 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/B5KF1i
	Regional trade agreements and the multilateral trading system / edited by Rohini Acharya. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926507 Launched during the WTO Public Forum 2016 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/HaJB6b
	The regulation of international trade : volume 1 : GATT / Petros C. Mavroidis. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926331 Featured in Midday Spotlight during WTO Public Forum 2016 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/QZHbYC
	The regulation of international trade : volume 2 : the WTO agreements on trade in goods / Petros C. Mavroidis. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926333 Featured in Midday Spotlight during WTO Public Forum 2016 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/jWO3Ce
	Rich people poor countries : the rise of emerging-market tycoons and their mega firms / Caroline Freund ; assisted by Sarah Oliver. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926386 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/INR0DB
	What you need to know to go global : a guide to international trade transactions / Stephen Creskoff. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926500 Featured in Midday Spotlight during WTO Public Forum 2016 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/iqUFdO

 

Library acquisitions — August 2016

We are pleased to send you our list of selected new acquisitions from August 2016. You can send your requests to web.librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	Biofuels, food security, and developing economies / Nazia Mintz-Habib. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926265 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/uCX8WK
	Bounded rationality and economic diplomacy : the politics of investment treaties in developing countries / Lauge N. Skovgaard Poulsen. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926360 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/OGjYI9
	Droit des organisations internationales / sous la direction de Evelyne Lagrange, Jean-Marc Sorel ; avec la collaboration de Valère Ndior. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925792 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/PnAfv2
	Essentials of WTO law / Peter van den Bossche, Denise Prévost. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926481 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/bQasmB
	The global trade slowdown : a new normal? / edited by Bernard Hoekman. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926490 This publication is available in e-book format only.	Full text: https://goo.gl/RM8Vr4
	India’s approach to development cooperation / edited by Sachin Chaturvedi and Anthea Mulakala. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926431 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/GUEK2q
	International organizations : politics, law, practice / Ian Hurd. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925230 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/5dIrcO
	The protection of intellectual property in international law / Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926198 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/TdFxyS
	Regulatory autonomy and international trade in services : the EU under GATS and RTAs / Bregt Natens. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926321 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/p0Z4w7
	The relationship of WTO law and regional trade agreements in dispute settlement : from fragmentation to coherence / Malebakeng Agnes Forere. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926487 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/TwzH7f
	Rising powers and multilateral institutions / edited by Dries Lesage and Thijs Van de Graaf. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925881 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/aqG2QG
	Shifting paradigms in international investment law : more balanced, less isolated, increasingly diversified / edited by Steffen Hindelang and Markus Krajewski. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926358 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/jqEmXX
	Technology transfer and economic growth in Sub-Sahara African countries : lessons from East Asia / Nathaniel O. Agola. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926483 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/HUH4cQ

 

Library acquisitions — June 2016

We are pleased to send you our list of selected new acquisitions from June 2016. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	The age of global value chains : maps and policy issues / edited by João Amador and Filippo di Mauro. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926398 This publication is available in e-book format only.	Full text: http://goo.gl/hHbA0X
	ASEAN and regional free trade agreements / edited by Christopher Findlay. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926339 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/eDe84O
	BRICS trade strategy : time for a rethink / by Simon J. Evenett. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926406 This publication is available in e-book format only.	Full text: http://goo.gl/AIgv94
	The development of World Trade Organization law : examining change in international law / Gregory Messenger. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926343 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/nf07Tx
	The economics of international integration / Miroslav N. Jovanovic. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925697 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/aFbo09
	The economics of poverty : history, measurement, and policy / Martin Ravallion. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926212 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/uSLXeh
	Eficácia do sistema de solução de controvérsias da OMC / Luciana Maria de Oliveira. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926426 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/xGCYDH
	Governance by indicators : global power through quantification and rankings / edited by Kevin E. Davis … [et al.]. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926337 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/18XSEu
	Growth of the international economy, 1820-2015 / Michael Graff, A. G. Kenwood and A. L. Lougheed. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926400 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/zBJLEC
	The Oxford handbook of international climate change law / edited by Cinnamon P. Carlarne, Kevin R. Gray, Richard G. Tarasofsky. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926037 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/ylS4MR
	The path of world trade law in the 21st century / Steve Charnovitz. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926132 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/6ssf7g
	The regulation of international trade : volume 1 : GATT / Petros C. Mavroidis. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926331 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/QZHbYC
	The regulation of international trade : volume 2 : the WTO agreements on trade in goods / Petros C. Mavroidis. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926333 Request: web.librarian@wto.org Full record: https://w10300fr.eos-intl.eu/W10300FR/OPAC/Details/Record.aspx?BibCode=98780141	Preview: https://goo.gl/jWO3Ce
	WTO dispute settlement and the TRIPS agreement : applying intellectual property standards in a trade law framework / Matthew Kennedy. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926412 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/iWyBpr

 

Library acquisitions — March 2016

We are pleased to send you our list of selected new acquisitions from March 2016. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

Starting in April 2016, take advantage of a new subscription resource: The Commonwealth iLibrary brings together the wealth of publications produced by the Commonwealth Secretariat. Research in this collection covers a wide range of topics, from globalization and multilateral trade issues to export and enterprise development, from education and gender to public service management and reform. This digital repository contains over 400 e-books and 140 working papers, with new content added regularly. All documents are accessible as PDF files or can be read directly online. For more information and to begin taking advantage of this resource, visit The Commonwealth iLibrary: http://www.thecommonwealth-ilibrary.org/

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	Bilateral and regional trade agreements : commentary and analysis / edited by Simon Lester, Bryan Mercurio, Lorand Bartels. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926237 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/lAOrte
	The economics of chocolate / edited by Mara P. Squicciarini and Johan Swinnen.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926223 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/elgomH
	Gasto público y crecimiento económico : para salir de la ciencia (ficción) neoclásica / Rémy Herrera.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926303 Request: web.librarian	Full text: http://goo.gl/zHB88R
	Natural capital : valuing our planet / Dieter Helm.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926094 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/52CSDc
	Practical cataloguing : AACR, RDA and MARC 21 / Anne Welsh and Sue Batley.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1918127 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/eFOOxZ
	Production networks and enterprises in East Asia : industry and firm-level analysis / Ganeshan Wignaraja, editor.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926239 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/bJ57ta
	Records and information management / Patricia C. Franks.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926295 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/SSUG24
	Le règlement des différends dans le cadre de l’OMC : un différend, une page 1995-2014 / Organisation mondiale du commerce.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926301 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/Wu9gJz
	Research handbook on intellectual property and geographical indications / edited by Dev S. Gangjee.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925838 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/fVfQ85
	Situación de los instrumentos jurídicos de la OMC : edición 2015 / Organización mundial del comercio.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926285 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/MNqJkK
	Situation des instruments juridiques de l’OMC : édition 2015 / Organisation mondiale du commerce.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926283 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/mC7ehF
	Solución de diferencias en la OMC : resúmenes de una página por caso 1995-2014 / Organización Mundial del Comercio.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926299 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/0GRcWd
	Status of WTO legal instruments : 2015 edition / World Trade Organization.   WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926281 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text: https://goo.gl/4VE62U
	WTO dispute settlement : one-page case summaries 1995-2014 / World Trade Organization. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926297 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full text only: https://goo.gl/ZviKL1

 

Library acquisitions — January 2016

We are pleased to send you our list of selected new acquisitions from January 2016. You can send your requests to Web.Librarian@wto.org.

The list is also available on Library’s website: http://intranet/__resources/library/_en/new_for_you_new_books.html.

For continuous updates on the latest trade news, don’t forget to check out the “Latest in trade” RSS feed: http://intranet/en/resources/library/library.htm

Kind regards,

Your WTO Library Team

As mentioned in the previous New Acquisitions email, a trial of World Politics Review is available through 31 March 2016! This database from EBSCO provides comprehensive analysis of critical global developments in international politics and foreign affairs, written by leading experts. The database includes thousands of articles as well as new original content added each month, to give policymakers and academics context to understand the trends behind the news. For more information on World Politics Review and to take the opportunity to explore this resource during this limited trial period, visit the WPR website: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=uid&user=unwpr&password=unwpr&profile=ehost&defaultdb=wpr

Covers	Title, Authors/Editor details, WTO catalogue records email request links	Previews
	Los 20 años de la OMC : una mirada retrospectiva / Organización Mundial del Comercio. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926170 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/A71Zb1
	Les 20 ans de l’OMC : rétrospective / Organisation mondiale du commerce. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926172 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/br2r5L
	Advanced introduction to international intellectual property / Susy Frankel, Daniel J. Gervais. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925863 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/GwKnkB
	Bilateral and regional trade agreements : case studies / edited by Simon Lester, Bryan Mercurio and Lorand Bartels. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926054 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/Efm7Bu
	Code de droit des organisations internationales : textes au 1er janvier 2014 / Éric David. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926165 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: http://goo.gl/NxUjlc
	Dumping, subsidies e salvaguardas : revisitando aspectos técnicos dos instrumentos de defesa comercial / [ed.] Felipe Hees, Marilia Castañon Penha Valle. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926176 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/ScjVN3
	Export restrictions on critical minerals and metals : testing the adequacy of WTO disciplines / Ilaria Espa ; foreword by Giorgio Sacerdoti. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926056 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/lo0Eul
	A facilitação do comércio e outras decisões de Bali : perspectiva angolana / Gilberto D. F. António, Lukonde Luansi. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925669 Request: web.librarian@wto.org
	Global governance and democracy : a multidisciplinary analysis / edited by Jan Wouters … [et al.]. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1924432 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/OPrhMh
	International contracts : jurisdictional issues and global commercial and investment governance (a collection of essays on recent trends) / [edited by] Bimal N. Patel, Mamta Biswal, Joshua Aston. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926161 Request: web.librarian@wto.org
	International investment law and development : bridging the gap / edited by Stephan W. Schill, Christian J. Tams, Rainer Hofmann. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925830 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/BvtuEu
	Introduction to time series analysis / Mark Pickup. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925587 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/eg0AWa
	La Organización Mundial del Comercio y la regulación del comercio internacional / Ricardo Xavier Basaldúa ; prólogo a la primera edición de Eduardo A. Roca. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1926174 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Preview: https://goo.gl/hZsLTg
	O sistema de solução de controvérsias da OMC : uma perspectiva brasileira / Daniela Arruda Benjamin. WTO catalogue : http://wto.aquabrowser.com/?itemid=|WTO-Marc|1925790 Request: web.librarian@wto.org	Full-text: http://goo.gl/CrFWnw

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Regional Trade Agreements and the Paradox of Dispute Settlement

This article addresses the paradox of trade dispute settlement in which countries allocate resources to the creation of dispute settlement mechanisms in regional trade agreements even as the WTO’s system has become the primary forum for the arbitration of state-to-state disputes. I argue that while the WTO remains the primary insurance against the breakdown of trading relations, these new instruments play a political role in securing the gains of regional and multilateral liberalization (real and potential) against the possibility of multilateral failure. The paper reviews literature on the institutional and conceptual developments in the study of regional dispute processes, develops an empirical study of the rise of regional DSMs over time, and then links this evidence to changing ways of conceptualizing the costs and benefits of trade regionalization. A reinsurance hypothesis goes a ways towards explaining why countries negotiate DSMs that for the most part, they do not use.

Full-text available in .pdf

Regional Economic Integrations in the Post-soviet Eurasia: An Analysis on Causes of Inefficiency

In post-Soviet Eurasia, established several regional economic integrations in order to develop the regional economic cooperation and adapt to the world economy. These integrations, participated by the countries also referred to as the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), have remained on paper as ineffective formations that are far away from achieving their common goals. The findings obtained through the statistical data of the countries included in the region concerning the causes of inefficiency can be listed as inadequacy in converging with the rules of market economy and in adapting to the world economy, differences in macroeconomic structures (national income and income distribution, industrialization, national and foreign direct investments, foreign trade capacity and balance of payments), regional conflicts of interest and claim of power, lack of common goals, geographical position, and the contradictions created by being member to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and to regional integrations.

Full text available in .pdf

Regional Bilateral Trade Analysis of the European Union, China and ASEAN

This paper deals with the analysis and evaluation of bilateral trade flows between the European Union and ASEAN, and China and ASEAN. Many preferential trade agreements come into force in accordance with global efforts to liberalize trade. The European Union and China also negotiate to create preferential trade relations with ASEAN. The aim of this paper is to verify whether observed economies that form or plan to form a preferential area are natural trading partners or not and which economy has better position to create such agreement. The analysis uses indices of regional trade intensity and trade complementarity. The analysis clearly shows growing commercial dominance of China in Southeast Asia compared to the EU, but Chinese trade focus on the ASEAN countries weakens. From the perspective of trade complementarity it implies that the EU is more natural trading partner of ASEAN countries than China.

Full-text available in .pdf

Emerging countries and trade regionalization. A network analysis

In this paper, the authors start from the observation of two apparently contradictory trends: the increasing regionalization of trade and the proliferation of regional trade agreements, on the one hand, and the increase of the average number of trading partners of each country and of the trading distances over time due to decreasing transportation and communication costs, on the other, pointing to more globalization.

Full-text available in .pdf

Heterogeneous Effects of Preferential Trade Agreements: How does Partner Similarity Matter?

This paper examines how dissimilarity of partner country characteristics affects the change in trade flows under a preferential trade agreement (PTA). Our results show that the more similar the partner countries are, the larger the increase in intra-bloc trade is under a PTA. Particularly, there is a substantial “development neighborhood premium”: the gain for developing countries from a PTA among themselves is about two and a half times that from partnering with industrial countries. Our findings challenge the perception that by becoming more integrated with industrial countries, developing countries could automatically gain access to a much larger and lucrative export market.

Full-text available in .pdf

Border Trade and Regional Integration / Ying Ge, Yin He, Yeheng Jiang and Xiaopeng Yin

Abstract:
Although it is an important building block of regional integration, very little research has investigated border trade between neighboring countries. This paper fills this gap by examining the patterns and determinants of China’s border trade with its neighboring countries. First, a disaggregated, firm-product level trade data is used to provide a detailed overview of border trade growth and dynamics. The paper shows that trade liberalization has significantly encouraged new firms to enter the export market, and new private firms account for the majority of the expansion in border exports and the shift toward more sophisticated products. Second, a gravity model is used to investigate the determinants of border trade. The results suggest that multilateral and regional integration, market size and institutional quality play important roles in promoting border trade.

Full-text available in .pdf

Transparency of Export Restricitions : A Checklist Promoting Good Practice / Barbara Fliess

The incidence of export taxes, prohibitions and other measures that raise export prices, limit export quantities or place conditions on exporting is on the rise. Transparency can help mitigate the negative effects of export restrictions by enabling affected stakeholders to better understand and anticipate policy change and adjust their activities. This paper develops a checklist of good practice in transparency which can serve as a tool for self-evaluation by governments and for promoting better and more consistent transparency practices in this area. The items of the checklist are drawn from norms and practices found in WTO and regional trade agreements and good governance guidelines. Additionally, feedback was sought through a small business survey. The list provides guidance with respect to such questions as what, when and how information about export restrictions governments ought to make public. It assembles relevant principles for keeping stakeholders and the general public informed at different stages of developing and implementing export restrictions and identifies information content for an effective information policy. Transparency moreover depends on the ease with which information can be obtained and on the extent to which stakeholders have an opportunity to make their views known when a measure is still on the drawing board.

Full-text available in .pdf

The Paradox of ‘Preferences’: Regional Trade Agreements and Trade Costs in Services / Sébastien Miroudot and Ben Shepherd

Abstract :
We analyse the relationship between regional trade integration and trade costs in services. The analysis relies on theory-consistent bilateral trade costs for 55 countries for 1999–2009 and an analysis of services commitments in 66 regional trade agreements to which these countries are parties. Despite the recent proliferation of services regional trade agreements (RTAs), we find that trade costs are only slightly lower due to these agreements. In addition, we find that the trade cost reductions that do take place tend to happen before the agreement is signed. This is consistent with countries using RTAs as a way of ‘locking in’ reforms. Finally, we find that the preferential margin of services RTAs is thin: members and non-members both see slightly lower trade costs when an RTA is signed. However, the difference between the member and non-member trade cost effects is 28 per cent for services and 40 per cent for goods, indicating a slimmer margin of preference in the former case. We discuss the possible explanations for these findings in terms of the nature of services RTAs and their relationship with regulatory reform. Based on these results, we argue that regionalism in the case of services seems relatively non-discriminatory and does not lead to substantial trade preferences.

Full-text available in.pdf